When solar physics and space research collide with Math-it's about time, for an overview of the book

Physics is one of the most fascinating topics and yet so few people have really ever considered it all. That is a pity, because if we are beings who value knowledge, then we are usually missing. But it doesn't have to be that way, because there are all sorts of wonderful books and documentaries available.

For example, there is a book that is truly worth reading if you can spare a month to absorb it all. It is a book that I own, I've read many chapters in. It's also a great reference book on the subject. The name of the book is;

"The world Treasury of physics, astronomy, and Mathematics" edited by Timothy Harris, published by Little, Brown and Company, New York, NY, (1989), 859 pages, ISBN: 0-318-07136-6.

In this comprehensive work you will learn all about time and space. Information about thermodynamics, mass, gravity, relativity, black holes and our fundamental understanding of all this, but remember this book was published in 1989, so quite a bit has happened since. The first chapter is one of the best, and it discusses atoms and quarks, electrons position prediction and elementary quantum theory, which today we seem to know a lot more about. There are essays on unified theories, uncertainty principles, and Albert Einstein's most famous equation; E = MC squared.

Well, that's the first part, and in the second part are chapters about our Sun, the structure of our universe, and how it all started and how we expect the end of a day, well after we're gone. There are chapters by Stephen Hawking, Richard Muller, Carl Sagan and so many other notables. Everything about comets, Supernova and our Galaxy, and for all you religious types out there, they don't forget and in the spirit of integration, there is also an item on "Biblical creationism".

The third and forth sections have chapters on mathematics of the cosmos, and dealing with very large numbers, artificial intelligence and mathematics of the unknown, and the limitations of known mathematics in this realm, at least now. The fourth section is about the men, and scientists behind the theories we use now, and how they came to be, along with the chapter with the title; "Women in science"-again in the spirit of integration and kudos for their performance.

The book is really great in that there are many poems of science are listed along with the "Philosophy of Science" too. This book will your mind to a whole new dimension of learning and intrigues of our universe to open. Maybe, that is her main focus, to give the reader interested in the sciences and the physics of all that is, that is known and all that is left to be discovered. Indeed, I highly recommend this book for anyone who loves physics and science.

Lance Winslow is the founder of the Online Think Tank, a diverse group of achievers, experts, innovators, entrepreneurs, futurists, academics, thinkers, dreamers, leaders and General all around brilliant minds. Lance Winslow, hope you've enjoyed the discussion and topic today. http://www.worldthinktank.net/-have an important topic to discuss, please contact Lance Winslow.

Kritiek van Jeremy Rifkin het boek: "De waterstofeconomie"

We criticize Rifkin early on for displaying the surprising lack of particle physics logic; He describes typical energy from the Sun and heat of fate: "some of this energy is captured by living things and converted into forms useful life support, while the rest as heat is radiated into space and back ends." Not unexpectedly, he merely reflects tradition of acceptance of the intangible science; IE: those things not easy to contradict the workability in applied science ignore.

Really, Ultimate Particle logic will contest Rifkin of the universe product set as particles posit and converted to heat energy by means of speed and intensity. The above quote from Rifkin to reject a theory on the facing page, the recyclable nature of energy that require only the essence of the speed as it relates to frequency. In these theoretical compost, can't heat energy is constantly being converted and rays back into the room but only payment obligations in the nearest mass receptacle. If this theory was not true, could not view the Earth from space astronauts; the moon would indeed be invisible.

In the description of the second law of thermodynamics, Rifkin argues: "while energy cannot be created or destroyed, it is constantly changing in shape, but always in one direction, from available to not available ... when energy is converted, some amount of available energy is lost in the process; that is to say, it is no longer able to carry out useful work. " He proposes that such loss not as a loss, but ' entropy ' ... turned in one direction; from hot to cold, concentrated or dispersed, ordered to disordered. We should not agree: simple logic determines the ongoing conversion of cold hot and hot to cold.

Describe energy in relation to modern civilization, Rifkin notes: the collapse of great civilizations correctly occurs because of the ' failure of vitality, an inability to mobilize human energy; the most fervent supporters of the hydrocarbon energy fossil fuels doubt that excesses of the 21st century was will survive. Our declining culture quoting and growing prosperity mindset, Rifkin with a decline in major world economies Parallels Roman Empire, and citing the failure in increased energy output to meet a reduced energy input. An alleged expression of Plato and Aristotle philosophy stating an obvious axiom: something from nothing, which you can't.

And if this philosophy deals with particle physics and thermodynamic rules, you can't convert to something nothing. Energy must be fully recyclable or energy will cease to be functional!

Having regard to the sociological riddles of Saudi Arabia, indeed the Middle East as an extension of the Islam, apologetic, Rifkin explores the rial is substantiated declining energy output and the population is increasingly dependent on the will of Allah-following Mohammed's nonproductive ' righteousness path. ' In the best reasoning of knowledgeable exegetes ' justice ' was the farthermost thought in Mohammed mentality; He's only the most perverse acts to entertain his most unholy pleasures pursued. Endemic to the culture of the Middle East and not unlike Western tendency, we scratch only where it feels good.

Rifkin stresses the importance of ' decarbonization ' or society's resort to fuels with bigger hydrogen carbon ratios, and suggests to complete the trip to hydrogen ... still looked on as the decarbonization great hope for humanity the continuing progress on Earth.

In this sense the energy residing in recognizes Rifkin hydrogen Atomic interactions, bound in Earth of mass; He predicts: energy will be cheap in one part of the country as another, so that the industry will be highly decentralised.

Promotion of hydrogen fuel cells as the wave of the near future, Rifkin describes the inner workings of fuel cells versus chemical energy and the fossil fuels must alternative. He's right, of course! With 684 bibliographic references on 255 total pages draws Rifkin on broad interests, of sociology, religion and physics, especially the impact on energy existentialisms the anthropic principle.

There you have it! Regardless of the discussion or important topic, there may be little separation between physics and metaphysics. Our mind continually invent a mix of metaphysics needed for survival and survival required for physics. We are a physical entity involved in mystery, the unexplained, the intangible, imponderable. Referred to as the ultimate wish of our immortality Existentialism oxygen/hydrogen fueled, but eternity in his realm cannot be the security deployed to our current pursuit vehicle. Syllogistic logic, qualitative research our longing for immortality is available for those who are willing to do the research!

Advanced studies to mention the reason for our liking and the cause of our failure.

Ben Winter, particle physicist, biblical scholar and author of "THE GREAT deception: symbols and numbers clarified," reveals that there is ' something new under the Sun--that is, for modern Bible researchers. He addresses correctness of language and the true intent of the main topics of the Bible: Bible mysteries, Gog and Magog Lost, he-goat cheese surprising identity reveals Daniel defines and dares to number the all important ten ages. Sign up for free book http://www.winterbriar.com/and view more critiques on articles in blog format on http://blog.thegreatdeception.net/.

In Search of Schrodinger's Cat - Quantum Physics and Reality

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AppId is over the quota

In Search of Schrodinger's Cat was one of very few popular science books published in the early 1980s on the subject of quantum mechanics. The title of the book refers to a famous thought experiment (paradox) devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrodinger. The thought experiment presents a hypothetical cat that apparently can be simultaneously dead and alive (or neither dead nor alive), depending on an earlier random event, and assuming that the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics can be applied to everyday objects.

For those of us who are not physicists, the book covers, in a rather accessible manner (especially in its first half), a number of key theories, ideas, and paradoxes such as the dual nature of light, the double-slit experiment, the structure and the inner workings of atoms, Plank's constant and its history and significance, the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics and its possible far-reaching philosophical implications, the Compton effect, the Copenhagen interpretation, etc. Often incorrectly depicted as just an experimental limitation, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (the central idea of quantum mechanics), is explained quite nicely (and I believe correctly) in this book. The author also gives a couple of great examples of the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in physics (e.g., Dirac's mathematical prediction of the existence of positrons, the electron's antiparticle).

The author's style of writing is engaging and pleasant to read. The book is filled with relevant historic references, which I personally always find useful, as they help with putting everything in a right prospective and context. Even though it is thought provoking, the second half of the book, which deals with more speculative questions related to quantum mechanics (e.g., the many-worlds theory), is less satisfactory and less focused.

I recommend this book as an easy, non-mathematical introduction to the basic concepts of quantum mechanics, arguably the most fascinating scientific theory ever formulated by human mind. To fully understand and truly appreciate quantum mechanics, however, one has to sharpen one's mathematical pencil and dig deep into vector algebra with all its eigenvectors and eigenvalues. There are no shortcuts. Thus, my caveat lector: advanced students will almost certainly learn nothing new of importance in this book.

Critique of Carl Sagan's Book: Billions And Billions

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AppId is over the quota

In life and in his book, this eminent scientist hoped to heighten awareness to the exponential immensity constituting our interstellar existence, to quantification in microscopic beginnings, to infinite potential in meaning and purpose for our own existence, and to "Thoughts on Life and Death at the Brink of the Millennium." Early on, Sagan advises, "If you know a thing only qualitatively, you know it no more than vaguely. If you know it quantitatively -- grasping some numerical measure that distinguishes it from an infinite number of other possibilities -- you are beginning to know it deeply."

An outspoken iconoclast, to both leftist and rightist extremes, Sagan advocated urgent attention to our headlong plunge toward an uninhabitable earth. And, of course, he was right; differing political systems attempt to advance agreement with his notion of patrimony and environment preservation. Even so, we call attention to Sagan's rise to the top of his profession; thus, he becomes the greater consumer rather than greater environmentalist. At the ladder top, he urges lower rung climbers to lesser energy expenditures as they attempt ladder ascendance; yet, despite these imposed limitations, even those at the bottom would, like Sagan, spend the necessary energy to enjoy a view from the top. At the top, Sagan recommends global effort to bring living standards to optimum levels. Yet, to elevate plebeian from the bottom rung to like-levels, society must, in itself, require a greater expenditure of natural resources; therewith, such ambition defeats the very conservatism advocated to inspire environmentalism ploys and, simultaneously, to alleviate the starving masses syndrome. Basically, inhering a socialist mindset, Sagan politicizes mankind's primitive inherence so faithfully replicated in genes, man's propensity to hunt and gather as impelled. To circumvent this inherency, Sagan would make all consumers subject to the state (though he did not directly state the means): thus would man be made to observe environmental dictates, to reside in industrial conformity, to live indistinctively in miscegenation, and to lesser rung submission.

Sagan's racial finiteness belongs in a fictional work, not scientific exposition. Like most white liberals, he capitulates to popular desideratum and proposes mankind to have evolved from black beginnings -- neglecting the paucity of evidence -- and ignoring natures neglect to deposit contradictory fossils in easy to find locations throughout the world. No! Mankind had to evolve from a wider potential in the chemistry environment necessary to produce early and diverse specimens. By Sagan's heuristic creation medium, all fish, all birds, all reptiles, all bacteria differentiated from individual protist and isolated into species. We should expect more from Carl Sagan. In paraphrased briefness, he said: 'Only in the visible (light spectrum, bw), with many transparent molecules can the anomaly of white skin be possible. Over much of the spectrum, all humans are black.' Nonsense! Would Sagan's 'light spectrum' explain the marked difference in physiognomy amongst ethnic diversity? And would not the following Sagan observation, concerning 'important discoveries,' treat the above mankind origins theory as mere speculation?

At the end, Sagan admitted: he would love to believe, at the advent of death, he would live again, that some thinking, feeling, remembering part of him would continue. But as much as he wanted to believe and despite the ancient and worldwide traditions asserting an afterlife, he knew of nothing to suggest it as more than wishful thinking. He lived as he died, setting forth logic as a guiding principle, at peace with himself, and trusting in scientific intellection. Was he correct in all his deductions? Yet, his was a strong voice condemning our selfish quest for industrial superiority, to energy foolhardiness, and to our tendency toward supernatural dependency. In this, he was right on target!

Truly, Carl Sagan's practicality regarding afterlife is confirmed by strict review of the only monotheism legal-historicity, the Bible; herein, limits to the theist experiment are found to circumscribe Ten Ages as a whole to the Covenant enterprise. Further bold conclusions are available to those with abiding interest in the symbols and numbers coded into the Bible's hidden language.

Ben Winter, particles physicist, Bible scholar, and author of "THE GREAT DECEPTION: Symbols And Numbers Clarified," reveals there 'is' something new under the sun -- that is, for modern Bible students. He addresses correctness of language and true intent of the major Bible topics: solves Bible mysteries, defines Gog and Magog, reveals Daniel He-goat's surprising identity, and dares to number the all important Ten Ages. Sign up for FREE book critiques at http://www.winterbriar.com/ and view more articles in blog format at http://blog.thegreatdeception.net/.

Crystal Structure Determination, And Indexing

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There are three major steps in order to determine the structure of an unknown material. First of all the shape and size of the unit cell are deduced from the angular positions of the diffraction lines. Then the number of atoms per unit cell computed from the shape and size of the unit cell, the chemical composition of the specimen, and its measured density. Finally, the position of the atoms within the unit cell is deduced from the relative intensities of the diffraction lines.

The process of finding the position of the atoms within the unit cell is generally the most difficult and there are many structures which are known only incompletely, in the sense that this final step has not yet been made.

The first step in which size and shape of the material is measured is same as the indexing of powder diffraction pattern which involves the accurate determination of peak positions, determination of the unit cell parameters from the peak positions such as Bragg's Law, inter planar d-spacing, and systematic absences.

In Bragg's Law when x-rays are scattered from a crystal lattice, peaks of scattered intensity are observed which corresponds to the two conditions. First condition is that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of scattering, and the second is that the path length difference is equal to an integer number of wavelengths. The condition for maximum intensity helps to calculate details about the crystal structure, or if the crystal structure is know, to determine the wavelength of the x-rays incident upon the crystal.

Remember that crystals possess a regular, repetitive internal structure. The concept of symmetry describes the repetition of structural features. Symmetries are most frequently used to classify the different crystal structures. In general one can generate 14 basic crystal structures through symmetries. These fourteen basic crystal structures are called Bravais Lattices. Any crystal structure can be reduced to one of these 14 Bravais Lattices.

As it is mentioned above that the indexing is the process of determining the unit cell parameters from the peak positions. To index a powder diffraction pattern it is necessary to assign Miller indices, hkl, to each peak. Note that a diffraction pattern can not be analyzed until it has been indexed. It is always the first step in analysis. Unfortunately it is not just the simple reverse of calculating peak positions from the unit cell dimensions and wavelength.

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First it is considered Magic-physics at the edge of innovation-A Book Review

Have you ever wondered how the major researchers, scientists and explorers all they had reached in the past? Maybe, a glimpse in the more recent past period and current period would suffice. How would you like to go to the edge of the Earth in search of discovery? Well, it just so happens I know of a very good book that will indeed take you there. Not only to one location, but at many locations around the world where large discoveries, discoveries that rocked the scientific community and changed the way that we think past, challenging theories and insights of all that is.

This is a wonderful book, and one I have the pleasure of reading personally. Today about in my personal library along with so many of the most popular science books of the greatest scientists of our day. Yes, I strongly recommend that you also read this book. The name of the book is:

"The Edge of Physics-A Journey to Earth's extremes to unlock the secrets of the universe" by Anil Ananthaswamy, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishers, New York, NY, (2010), 322 pages, ISBN: 978-0-618-88468-1.

In this work teaches the reader of all the stories behind the scenes of some of the greatest scientists of our time, their personalities, quirks and work ethic. This book will inspire a scientist, future scientist or researcher who is out for adventure important breakthroughs. Many of the stories are so wonderful that they are almost beyond belief. In fact, the author has carefully chosen events and stories in the time frozen that seem surreal to the rest of us.

There are fascinating stories, such as the search for neutrinos in the deep polar ice, much underground. Imagine working in such a ruthless and cold environment. Well, you will meet and get to know the researchers who make that happen. There are chapters of the great cosmologists and their telescopes and remote locations as they piece together everything they can about our universe. The author takes you to the SETI project in search of extra-terrestrials, and the potential chance of first contact.

There are stories of Einstein a visit to these remote locations and the meeting of minds of this great discoverers. Also, you get a clear picture of the relentless (time) competition in the sciences for the Nobel Prize in physics and distinctions. This book is good sales presentations, with lots of information so that the reader can fully understand exactly the theories and research scientists do in these remote parts of the world. I hope you'll enjoy this book as much as I did.

Lance Winslow is the founder of the Online Think Tank, a diverse group of achievers, experts, innovators, entrepreneurs, futurists, academics, thinkers, dreamers, leaders and General all around brilliant minds. Lance Winslow, hope you've enjoyed the discussion and topic today. http://www.worldthinktank.net/-have an important topic to discuss, please contact Lance Winslow.

Space, time, physics and possibilities-A Book Review

Understanding of space-time physics is not easy, but insight in the fundamental theories that scientists now believe the most realistic photo paint is not so difficult to understand. It only takes the curiosity and the patience to concentrate, open your mind and consider. But first you are going to need a good book, one that is illustrated. Also a physics reference book that walks you through all the Einsteins theories along with others who have added new concepts to the science of space/time physics.

Luckily, I own such a book, one that was published in 1966. You may think that is too old, and that we have learned much since then. And Yes, yes we have, but the fundamentals are relatively the same, especially when it comes to the "relativity" or the theory of. Now then, is the book that I would recommend to you:

"Space-time physics" by Edwin f. Taylor and John Archibald Wheeler, W.H. Freeman Company publishers, San Francisco, CA, (1966), Library of Congress card catalog Number 65, 208 pages-13566.

Both of the authors are/were physicists, one of MIT, and the other of Princeton. The book begins with the discussion about the geometry of the spacetime, and all theories, rules, principles, and unknowns that go along. Then turn right into the momentum and energy; how they relate to mass, and the growing universe-and there is a rare find-an absolutely fascinating dialogue on the concept of mass, light, and the arguments of the space-time physics, at least at the moment in 1966. Some of that is resolved, but not all the positions agreed people still more to learn.

If you've stuck on anything related to Einstein's theories or are hung up on curved space time, gravity warping, or the differences in strength, mass or the principles of relativity-you'll be very pleased that almost all your questions answered. Those who don't can be clarified or at least couldn't be answered back in 1966 are not there, but you will have a great insight to that point, and can remain the right questions to your personal research online.

My favorite points in the book were the reasoning of the various paradoxes of time, space, energy, movement, light, and so on. It's just a really fun place to think, and this book will your mind around the universe and back, as well as by to take the time and back again, and so I come to you with this excellent book recommendation. So, please consider all this and think about it.

Lance Winslow is the founder of the Online Think Tank, a diverse group of achievers, experts, innovators, entrepreneurs, futurists, academics, thinkers, dreamers, leaders and General all around brilliant minds. Lance Winslow, hope you've enjoyed the discussion and topic today. http://www.worldthinktank.net/-have an important topic to discuss, please contact Lance Winslow.